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Symptoms - Sickle cell disease

Sickle cell disease can cause a wide range of symptoms.

These can start from a few months of age, although many children have few or no symptoms if treatment is started early on.

The main symptoms are:

  • painful episodes
  • getting infections often
  • anaemia

Painful episodes

Episodes of pain known as sickle cell crises are one of the most common and distressing symptoms of sickle cell disease.

They happen when blood vessels to part of the body become blocked.

The pain can be severe and last for several days or weeks.

A sickle cell crisis can affect any part of the body, but is most common in the limbs or back.

How often someone with sickle cell disease gets episodes of pain varies a lot.

Some people may have one every week, while others may have less than 1 a year.

It's not always clear what triggers pain, but sometimes painful episodes can be caused by the weather (such as wind, rain or cold), dehydration, stress or strenuous exercise.

Infections

People with sickle cell disease are more vulnerable to infections, particularly when they're young.

Infections can range from mild, such as colds, to much more serious and potentially life threatening, such as meningitis.

Vaccinations and daily doses of antibiotics can help reduce the risk of many infections.

Anaemia

Nearly all people with sickle cell disease have anaemia, where the haemoglobin in the blood is low.

Haemoglobin is the substance found in red blood cells that's used to transport oxygen around the body.

This does not usually cause many symptoms, but sometimes it can get worse if you become infected with the virus that causes slapped cheek syndrome (parvovirus).

This can lead to a sudden drop in the number of red blood cells and may cause additional symptoms, such as headaches, a rapid heartbeat, dizziness and fainting.

It's usually treated with a blood transfusion.

Other problems

Sickle cell disease can also sometimes cause a wide range of other problems.

These include:

Find out how sickle cell disease is treated

Page last reviewed: 30 November 2022
Next review due: 30 November 2025