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Swollen ankles, feet and legs (oedema)

Swelling in the ankles, feet or legs often goes away on its own. You may need to get medical advice if you have other symptoms or do not know what's causing it.

Common causes of swollen ankles, feet and legs

Swelling in the ankles, feet and legs is often caused by a build-up of fluid in these areas, called oedema.

Oedema is usually caused by:

  • standing or sitting in the same position for too long
  • eating too much salty food
  • being overweight
  • being pregnant
  • taking certain medicines – such as some blood pressure medicines, contraceptive pills, hormone therapy, antidepressants or steroids
  • varicose veins
  • thyroid problems

Oedema can also be caused by:

Information:

Find out more about swollen ankles, feet and fingers in pregnancy

Symptoms of oedema

Symptoms of oedema in the ankles, feet and legs can affect 1 or both legs and may include:

Swollen ankles in someone with white skin. Both ankles look bigger than usual.
Swollen or puffy ankles, feet or legs.
A swollen foot in someone with white skin, where the skin on top of the foot looks tight, stretched, smooth and slightly red.
Shiny or stretched skin.
A swollen ankle in someone with black skin. The ankle looks bigger than usual and is a darker colour than the skin surrounding it.
Changes in skin colour, dry skin, discomfort, stiffness and dents when you press on the skin.

Non-urgent advice: See a GP if:

Both of your ankles, feet or legs are swollen and:

  • it has not improved after treating it at home for a few days
  • it gets worse
  • you have been diagnosed with a condition that affects your heart, kidneys or leg veins

Urgent advice: Ask for an urgent GP appointment or get help from NHS 111 if:

  • you have swelling in 1 ankle, foot or leg and you don't know what's causing it
  • you have a lot of swelling following an injury or the swelling is getting worse
  • the swelling is severe, painful or starts very suddenly
  • you also have swelling in other areas of your body such as your face or tummy
  • the swollen area is red or feels hot to the touch
  • your temperature is very high, or you feel hot, cold or shivery
  • you have diabetes and your feet, ankles or legs are swollen

You can call 111 or get help from 111 online.

Immediate action required: Call 999 if:

  • you feel short of breath or are struggling to breathe
  • your chest feels tight, heavy or painful
  • you're coughing up blood
  • your heartbeat is more noticeable (palpitations)
  • you're feeling lightheaded, faint, confused, sick or clammy

You could have a blood clot in your lungs, which needs immediate treatment in hospital.

Information:

Do not drive yourself to A&E.

The person you speak to at 999 will give you advice about what to do.

Things that may ease swelling

Swelling in your ankles, feet or legs should go away on its own, but there are some things you can try to help.

Do

  • raise your legs or the swollen area on a chair or pillows when you can

  • get some gentle exercise, like walking, to improve your blood flow

  • wear wide, comfortable shoes with a low heel and soft sole

  • wash, dry and moisturise your feet to avoid infections

Don’t

  • do not stand or sit for long periods of time

  • do not wear clothes, socks or shoes that are too tight

Treatment for swelling and oedema

Treatment for swelling or oedema that does not go away on its own will depend on the cause. Your GP can help you with the right treatment.

Speak to your GP about whether making lifestyle changes could help.

Page last reviewed: 26 February 2026
Next review due: 26 February 2029

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