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Causes of liver cancer

Who is more likely to get liver cancer

Anyone can get primary liver cancer. It's not always clear what causes it.

You might be more likely to get it if you:

  • are over 60 – it's most common in people over 85
  • are a man
  • have certain medical conditions, such as hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, gallstones, diabetes, a parasite in the liver (liver flukes) or HIV
  • come into contact with chemicals, such as vinyl chloride and arsenic
  • have a brother, sister or parent who had primary liver cancer

Secondary liver cancer is caused by cancer cells from a cancer somewhere else in the body spreading to the liver.

Many liver cancers are also linked to smoking, drinking a lot of alcohol and being overweight or obese.

How to reduce your chances of getting primary liver cancer

You cannot always prevent liver cancer. But making healthy changes can lower your chances of getting it.

Do

  • try to lose weight if you're overweight

  • wear protective clothes and masks if you work in a job where you're exposed to harmful chemicals

  • try to cut down on alcohol – avoid drinking more than 14 units a week

  • try to quit smoking

Information:

It's important to get any symptoms of liver cancer checked by a GP.

Anyone can get liver cancer, even if you do not think you have a higher chance of getting it.

Page last reviewed: 2 November 2026
Next review due: 2 November 2029