Biopsy

Why a biopsy is done

There are a few reasons why you might need a biopsy.

A biopsy may be used:

• to find out what's causing your symptoms
• as a follow-up test after a blood test or scan
• to monitor a long-term condition

You'll usually be referred by a GP or consultant for a biopsy.

Sometimes a biopsy is done as part of a procedure like an endoscopy or operation.

Preparing for a biopsy

A doctor or specialist should tell you if you need to do anything before your biopsy. You can also ask them about any concerns or questions you have.

For example, you may need to stop taking certain medicines for a short time before the biopsy.

If you're having a general anaesthetic (where you're asleep for the procedure), it's important not to eat or drink beforehand.

How a biopsy is done

A biopsy is usually done in hospital.

It involves removing a sample of cells or tissue. How it's done depends on which part of your body the sample is taken from.

You'll usually have local anaesthetic to numb the area. This means you'll be awake but will not feel any pain. You may also be given medicine to help you relax (sedation).

Some biopsies are done under general anaesthetic, meaning you're asleep during the procedure.

A biopsy can be done by:

• cutting out all or part of the affected area
• using a needle to take a sample of cells or tissue from the affected area – such as from one of your organs or from under your skin
• using a long, thin tube with a small camera inside (endoscope)

The length of time it takes depends on the type of biopsy. Some take less than 30 minutes, while others may take longer. Afterwards the samples are sent to a laboratory for testing.

After your biopsy

You can usually go home the same day after having a biopsy.

If you have stitches or a dressing, the healthcare team will tell you how to care for your wound at home. They'll also give you advice about taking painkillers, such as paracetamol.

If you had sedation (medicine to help you relax) or general anaesthetic (where you're asleep during the procedure), you may need to be monitored for a while before you go home.

A doctor or nurse will tell you how and when you'll get your results.

Possible complications of a biopsy

A biopsy is a common and very safe procedure.

You may have some pain or discomfort afterwards and taking painkillers such as paracetamol can help.

It's sometimes possible to get an infection at the site of the biopsy.

If you've had a biopsy taken from your womb or cervix, you may have some cramping or light vaginal bleeding.

With some types of biopsy, there can also be a risk of internal bleeding. In this case, the healthcare team will tell you what signs to look out for and what to do.

Getting your biopsy results

After a biopsy, it can take a few weeks or more to get your results. You may get your results in a letter.

Waiting times vary between different hospitals and can also depend on why you needed a biopsy. If you do not hear anything after a few weeks, contact your healthcare team or GP surgery.

You may need a follow-up appointment to talk about your results. A doctor or nurse should talk to you about your results and explain what happens next.

Sometimes you may need another biopsy or other tests.