Friday February 5 2010
Coughing or sneezing like this will spread germs
Last updated: 10.00 BST
The National Pandemic Flu Service, set up to offer online and telephone assessments, has now closed. The decline in swine flu cases means the service is no longer needed, although it can be reinstated within seven days if a new wave of infections emerges.
People showing swine flu symptoms are now advised to stay at home and contact their GP, who will be able to assess them. If appropriate patients will be offered antiviral medication and vaccination jabs.
The service was designed to ease the extra pressure placed on GPs and the NHS during a pandemic, allowing members of the public to get advice and request antivirals from their own home.
Discussing the move the Department of Health said "Our priority remains to vaccinate those most at risk from swine flu, as people are still in hospital from the virus and sadly some have died.
“However, given the current welcome reduction in the number of cases, and the need to make sure our response to the pandemic remains proportionate, we have decided to close the National Pandemic Flu Service”
Swine flu cases
The latest available figures show that:
- In England, the rate of GP consultations for flu like illness was 12.5 per 100,000 population for the week ending January 31 2010.
- There were then 124 patients in hospital with swine flu in England, 29 of whom were in critical care.
- The Health Protection Agency's overall estimate of the number of cases was below 5,000, where it had been for six weeks.
Vaccination programme
By the end of January:
- The total estimated number of front-line health and social care workers vaccinated in England was 393,000.
- The total number of vaccine doses administered to the priority groups in England was 4.25 million. This figure includes 140,000 pregnant women and 404,000 healthy children aged six months to under 5 years.
Commenting on the decline in swine flu cases, Sir Liam Donaldson, chief medical officer for England, said:
“Levels of pandemic ‘flu are currently very low virtually concluding the second wave of the infection in this country.
“Although throughout it has not been a severe illness for most people, children and younger adults have developed serious complications, been admitted to hospital and some have died.
“I strongly advise that those eligible for the vaccine who have not yet had it, get the jab and protect themselves."
Vaccinations
Vaccination of people in clinical risk groups is still ongoing, with an estimated 4.25 million doses of vaccine administered so far. NHS hospitals and GPs are continuing to vaccinate young children and adults facing the greatest risk of complications. Patients will be contacted by their GPs if they fall into one of the at-risk categories.
Healthcare staff dealing with the public are also being vaccinated to help keep medical services running smoothly and to prevent them from passing the virus to patients.
Who is a priority for vaccination?
People who are most at risk from swine flu need to be vaccinated first. These groups are, in order of priority:
- People aged between six months and 65 years in the seasonal flu vaccine at-risk groups.
- All pregnant women. The European Medicines Agency has indicated the vaccine can be given to pregnant women regardless of their stage of pregnancy.
- People who live with those whose immune systems are compromised, such as cancer patients or people with HIV/AIDS.
- People aged 65 and over in the seasonal flu vaccine at-risk groups.
- Healthy children aged over six months and under five years old.
Frontline health and social care workers have also been offered the vaccine at the same time as the first clinical at-risk groups. Health and social care workers are both at an increased risk of catching swine flu and of spreading it to other at-risk patients.
What are the seasonal flu vaccine at-risk groups?
These are people with:
- chronic respiratory disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
- chronic heart disease, such as heart failure,
- chronic kidney disease, such as kidney failure,
- chronic liver disease, such as chronic hepatitis,
- chronic neurological disease, such as Parkinson's disease,
- diabetes requiring insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs, and
- immunosuppression (a suppressed immune system), due to disease or treatment.
Who is at greatest risk of serious complications from swine flu?
Some people are more at risk of complications if they catch swine flu, and need to start taking antivirals as soon as it is confirmed that they have the illness. Doctors may advise some high-risk patients to take antivirals before they have symptoms, if someone close to them has swine flu.
It is already known that people are particularly vulnerable if they have:
- chronic (long-term) lung disease,
- chronic heart disease,
- chronic kidney disease,
- chronic liver disease,
- chronic neurological disease (neurological disorders include motor neurone disease, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease),
- immunosuppression (whether caused by disease or treatment), or diabetes mellitus.
Also at risk are:
- patients who have had drug treatment for asthma in the past three years,
- pregnant women,
- people aged 65 and over, and
- children under five.
Latest advice
If you have flu-like symptoms and are concerned that you may have swine flu the advice is to stay at home and contact your GP, who will be able to assess you. If appropriate patients will be offered antiviral medication and vaccination jabs.
Patients with swine flu typically have a fever or a high temperature (over 38°C / 100.4°F) and two or more of the following symptoms:
- unusual tiredness,
- headache,
- runny nose,
- sore throat,
- shortness of breath or cough,
- loss of appetite,
- aching muscles,
- diarrhoea or vomiting
People in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland can get further advice from www.direct.gov.uk/pandemicflu
Advice for pregnant women
Pregnant women are one of the higher risk groups for swine flu, as they are for all influenza viruses. It is therefore important for them to take precautions.
This website provides full and up-to-date advice for pregnant women and parents of young children. The advice has not changed recently and is available at the following links:
Swine flu advice for pregnant women.
Swine flu pregnancy and parenting Q&A.
Swine flu symptoms, including high-risk groups.
Chief medical officer's advice on pregnancy, holidays, and parents.
Catch it, Bin it, Kill it
The most important way to stop it spreading is to have good respiratory hygiene (i.e. sneezing and coughing into a tissue) and hand hygiene (keeping your hands clean). The video Catch it, Bin It, Kill It explains the importance of catching your sneeze in a tissue, placing it quickly in a bin and washing your hands and surfaces regularly to kill the virus.
