• From infected mother to baby, before or during birth
• Through unprotected sex with someone who has the virus
• By medical or dental treatment abroad in unsterile conditions
• By tattooing, ear or body piercing, acupuncture, electrolysis and semi-permanent make-up where unsterile equipment may have been used
• By sharing razors or toothbrushes that may have been contaminated with blood from someone who is infected

Current scientific evidence does not support the need for hepatitis C testing of those whose only risk factor is sharing banknotes or straws for intranasal cocaine use (INCU). However, hepatitis C testing should be considered on a case-by-case basis if INCU may be an indicator of injecting drug use.