Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the name given to the physical, psychological and behavioural symptoms that can occur in the two weeks before a woman's monthly period. It is also known as premenstrual tension (PMT).
There are many different symptoms of PMS, but typical examples are fluid retention, breast tenderness, mood swings, feeling irritable and loss of interest in sex.
These symptoms usually improve when the period starts, and they disappear a few days afterwards.
Nearly all women of child-bearing age have some premenstrual symptoms, but women aged between their late 20s and early 40s are most likely to experience PMS.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
A small number of women find that their symptoms are severe enough to stop them living their normal lives. This is due to a more intense type of PMS known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).
If you are finding it difficult to deal with the symptoms of PMS, see your GP. They can help to determine if you have PMDD, and may be able to offer you treatment to manage the symptoms you're experiencing.
Read more about how PMS is diagnosed.
Why it happens
The exact cause of PMS is not fully understood. However, it is thought to be linked to the changing levels of hormones in the body during a woman's menstrual cycle.
Certain lifestyle factors such as lack of exercise, stress and eating a poor diet are also thought to aggravate the symptoms of PMS.
Read more information about the causes of PMS.
Managing PMS symptoms
There is no cure for PMS, but the symptoms can often be managed with treatment. This may include medication, hormone or psychological treatments.
Certain lifestyle changes can also help to manage symptoms. These includes:
PMS usually improves after the menopause.
