Iron deficiency anaemia rarely causes serious or long-term complications. However, some people with iron deficiency anaemia find that it affects their daily life.
Some common complications are outlined below.
Tiredness
As iron deficiency anaemia can leave you tired and lethargic (lacking in energy), you may be less productive and active at work. Your ability to stay awake and focus can be reduced, and you may not feel able to exercise regularly.
Immune system
Research has shown iron deficiency anaemia can affect your immune system (the body’s natural defence system), making you more susceptible to illness and infection.
Heart and lung complications
Adults with severe anaemia may be at risk of developing complications that affect their heart or lungs. For example, you may develop:
- tachycardia (an abnormally fast heartbeat)
- heart failure, when your heart is not pumping blood around your body very efficiently
Pregnancy
Pregnant women with severe anaemia have an increased risk of developing complications, particularly during and after the birth. They may also develop postnatal depression (a type of depression some women experience after having a baby).
Research suggests babies born to mothers who have anaemia are more likely to:
- be born prematurely (before week 37 of the pregnancy)
- have a low birth weight
- have problems with iron levels
- do less well in mental ability tests
Restless legs syndrome (RLS)
Some cases of restless legs syndrome (RLS) are thought to be caused by iron deficiency anaemia. Doctors may refer to this as secondary RLS.
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common condition affecting the nervous system, which causes an overwhelming, irresistible urge to move the legs. It also causes an unpleasant feeling in the feet, calves and thighs.
RLS caused by iron-deficiency anaemia is usually treated with iron supplements.
