The uterus (womb) is usually held in place by muscles, tissue and ligaments. Prolapse happens when the tissues that support the uterus become so weak that the uterus cannot stay in place and it slips down from its normal position. This can cause:
- a sensation of something coming down or out of the vagina
- an uncomfortable feeling of fullness
- difficulty having sex
- leaking a small amount of urine when you cough, sneeze or exercise (stress incontinence)
Read more about the symptoms of prolapse of the uterus.
Up to half of all women who have had children are affected by some degree of prolapse. It is more common as women get older, particularly in those who have gone through the menopause. It is rare in women who have not had children.
Prolapse is also associated with being overweight and with having a persistent cough. Read more about the causes of prolapse of the uterus.
Stages of prolapse
Prolapse of the uterus can happen in stages.
- In first-degree prolapse the uterus moves down into the vagina, but the lower section of the uterus (the cervix) still remains inside the vagina.
- In second-degree prolapse the cervix now passes out of the opening of the vagina.
- In third-degree prolapse the whole of the uterus is outside the vagina (called procidentia).
How is prolapse of the uterus treated?
Mild cases of prolapse may not need treatment. Lifestyle changes such as weight loss and pelvic floor exercises may be recommended instead.
More severe cases of prolapse may be treated effectively using a device that is inserted into the vagina called a vaginal pessary. This helps to hold the uterus in place. There are also several different surgical techniques that can be used. For example, a mesh can be inserted to support the uterus. Read more about treating prolapse of the uterus.
Some women who have had surgery may need further surgery for prolapse of the vaginal walls.
