Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined by two broad groups of behavioural problems: inattentiveness, and a combination of hyperactivity and impulsiveness. Common symptoms within these groups include a short attention span, restlessness, being easily distracted, and constant fidgeting.
How common is ADHD?
ADHD is the most common behavioural disorder in the UK. It is estimated that the condition affects between 3-9% of school-aged children and young people. ADHD can be a life-long condition, and many children who have it continue to have symptoms in adolescence and adulthood. However, it is still uncertain as to whether ADHD can occur in adults without first appearing in childhood.
Children naturally have a tendency towards the kind of behaviour that ADHD causes, but this behaviour should not be confused with ADHD. There are several criteria that must be met for a child to be diagnosed with ADHD. Adults are harder to diagnose because there is no definitive set of age-appropriate symptoms.
Symptoms of ADHD tend to start at an early age, and they may become more noticeable when a child's circumstances change, such as starting school. Many people with ADHD also have additional problems, such as sleep disorders, low self-esteem, and learning difficulties. However, ADHD has no effect on intelligence.
There is no cure for ADHD, but it can be managed using medication. There are several medical treatments for ADHD, all of which should be accompanied by psychological, educational and social therapies.
