All three types of toxocariasis can be treated with a medication called an anthelminthic.
The most effective anthelminthic is albendazole, which is usually taken twice a day for five days. An alternative is mebendazole, which has to be taken for three to four weeks.
These medicines stop the parasites from being able to use glucose as food. Without a food source, the parasites will die.
The medicines don't usually cause side effects, although some people may have headaches at the start of their treatment.
Visceral larva migrans
In cases of visceral larva migrans that cause particularly severe breathing difficulties, admission to hospital may be required in order to support your breathing while the infection is treated.
In addition to anthelminthics, steriod medications are usually given to suppress the allergic reactions associated with heavy infections.
Ocular larva migrans
In cases of ocular larva migrans, additional treatment may be required to prevent damage to the eye. For example, steroid medications can reduce eye inflammation and irritation.
In a number of cases, laser treatment is required to kill any parasites in the eye.
A type of treatment known as laser photocoagulation can be used to kill the parasites. Treatment is usually available on an outpatient basis, which means you won't have to stay in hospital overnight.
Drops are put into your eyes to numb the surface. A special contact lens is placed on your eye to hold your lids open and to focus the laser beam on to your retina. A laser is then used to burn away any parasites in your eyes.
Laser photocoagulation isn't usually painful, although you may feel an occasional sharp pricking sensation when certain areas of your retina are being treated.
Following treatment, your vision may be blurred. However, it should return to normal after a few hours.
Some people who've had laser photocoagulation experience some loss of peripheral vision (side vision) and night vision.
