Chilblains are small, itchy swellings on the skin that occur as a reaction to cold temperatures. They affect the extremities such as the toes, fingers, heels, ears and nose. Chilblains are uncomfortable, but can be prevented.
They can either be:
- acute (short-term), developing within 12-24 hours after exposure to the cold and getting better after one to two weeks if you keep warm, or
- chronic - lasting for a minimum of five months a year for the past three years and causing persistent sores that can lead to scarring.
Who is affected
Chilblains can occur at any age but are more common in children and elderly people. More women suffer from the complaint than men. Certain people, such as those with poor circulation, are susceptible (see Causes for more information).
Chilblains are common in northern Europe, where damp, cold weather is usual in winter. They are less common in countries with extremely cold winters, because the air is drier and people have better designed homes and clothing to conserve heat.
Outlook
Chilblains are usually self-limiting, getting better on their own after a few weeks. However, while they disappear during warmer weather, they may return during cold seasons.
Chilblains do not respond well to treatment, but there are measures you can take to prevent them (see Treatment and Prevention pages).
