The uterus (womb) is normally held in place by a hammock of muscles, tissue and ligaments. Prolapse happens when tissues supporting the uterus become so weak that the uterus cannot stay in place and slips down from its normal position.
Prolapse of the uterus can happen in various stages.
- First-degree prolapse: the uterus slips down into the vagina.
- Second-degree prolapse: part of the uterus sticks out of the opening of the vagina.
- Third-degree prolapse: the whole uterus is outside the vagina (called procidentia).
Who is affected?
Up to 30% of women who have had children are affected by some degree of prolapse. It is more common as women get older, particularly in those who have gone through the menopause. It is rare in women who have not had children.
Prolapse is also associated with being overweight and with having a persistent cough.
How is it treated?
Mild cases of prolapse may not need treatment and lifestyle changes such as weight loss and pelvic floor exercises may be recommended instead.
More severe cases may be treated effectively with a vaginal pessary or with surgery (see the Treatment section, above). Some women who have had surgery may need it again for prolapse of the vaginal walls.
