Headaches
A headache is a common side effect of a lumbar puncture. One-third of people will develop a headache, usually within 24–48 hours of having the procedure. However, in some cases, it can take up to 12 days for the headache to develop.
Pregnant women and young, slim women who are 18–30 years of age are thought to be most at risk of developing a headache after having a lumbar puncture.
The cause of the headache is unclear. One theory is that a temporary disruption in the fluid surrounding the brain causes the brain to sag, placing pressure on pain-sensitive areas of the brain.
Most people describe having a dull or throbbing pain at the front of their head that can sometimes spread to their neck and shoulders. The pain is usually worse when standing or sitting up and moving your head. Lying down often helps relieve the pain.
In most cases, the pain is mild and can be treated with painkillers, such as paracetamol, which are available from pharmacies. Some people have also reported that drinks containing caffeine, such as coffee, tea and or cola, have helped reduce their symptoms of pain.
Severe headaches
A small number of people have more severe pain after a lumbar puncture. Contact your GP for advice if you develop a severe headache. You may need to be admitted to hospital so that you can be given stronger pain relief.
If you cannot speak to your GP, call NHS Direct on 0845 4647 or contact your local out-of-hours service.
Treatments for severe headaches include using stronger, opiate-based painkillers or injecting painkilling medication directly into the skull.
When to get medical advice
Contact your GP for advice if you or your child have any of the following symptoms after having a lumbar puncture:
- vomiting or nausea
- high temperature (fever) of 38C (100.4F) or above swelling and redness around the injection site
- clear fluid or blood leaking from the injection site
- sensitivity to bright lights
