Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) - Side effects 

Both hormones used in hormone replacement therapy (HRT), oestrogen and progestogen, have side effects.

Side effects usually improve over time, so it is best to stick with the treatment plan you have been prescribed for at least three months.

If side effects continue after this time, see your GP so your treatment plan can be reviewed.

If side effects persist, your GP may recommend:

• switching to a different way of taking HRT - for example, changing from a tablet to a patch or vice versa
• changing the type of HRT you are taking -for example, a different form of oestrogen or progestogen
• changing the dose of your HRT

Side effects of oestrogen

Side effects associated with oestrogen include:

• fluid retention
• bloating
• breast tenderness or swelling
• nausea
• leg cramps
• headaches 
• indigestion 

In some cases, small lifestyle changes can help relieve side effects. For example:

• taking your oestrogen dose with food may help to reduce nausea and indigestion
• eating a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet may reduce breast tenderness
• regular exercise and stretching can help to reduce leg cramps

Side effects of progestogen

Side effects associated with progestogen include:

• fluid retention
• breast tenderness
• headaches
• mood swings
• depression 
• acne 
• backache