Guillain-Barré syndrome (pronounced Ghee-lan Bar-ray) is a rare but serious disease of the peripheral nervous system.
The peripheral nervous system
The peripheral nervous system is the network of nerves that control the body's senses and movements. In Guillain-Barré syndrome, the body's immune system attacks these nerves, causing them to become inflamed (swollen).
Inflammation of the peripheral nerves leads to a tingly, numbing sensation in the arms and legs. This can eventually result in a short-term loss of feeling and movement (temporary paralysis). See the Symptoms section, above, for more information.
What causes Guillain-Barré syndrome?
The exact cause of Guillain-Barré syndrome is unclear and there is no way to pinpoint who is most at risk from the condition.
However, in most cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome, the person affected will have had a viral or bacterial infection a few weeks before getting the condition. It is likely that the infection causes the immune system to attack the body's own nerves.
Who is affected by Guillain-Barré syndrome?
Guillain-Barré syndrome affects about 1,500 people in the UK every year. It is slightly more common in men than women and can affect people of any age, including children.
What is the outlook?
Most people with Guillain-Barré syndrome make a full recovery within a few weeks or months and do not have any further problems. Some people may take longer to recover and there is a possibility of permanent nerve damage. See the Treatment section, above, for more information on recovery.
