Guillain-Barré (pronounced Ghee-lan Bar-ray) syndrome is a rare but serious condition of the peripheral nervous system. It is named after two of three French doctors who first described the condition in 1916, Georges Charles Guillain and Jean-Alexander Barré.
The peripheral nervous system
The peripheral nervous system is the network of nerves that control the body's senses and movements. In Guillain-Barré syndrome, the immune system (the body’s natural defence against infection and illness) attacks these nerves, causing them to become inflamed.
Inflammation of the peripheral nerves leads to a tingly, numbing sensation in the arms and legs. This can eventually result in a short-term loss of feeling and movement (temporary paralysis). See Guillain-Barré syndrome - symptoms for more information.
Link with infection
The exact cause of Guillain-Barré syndrome is unclear. There is no way of identifying who is most at risk.
However, in most cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome, the person affected had a viral or bacterial infection a few weeks before getting the condition. It is likely that the infection causes the immune system to attack the body's nerves.
How common is Guillain-Barré syndrome?
Guillain-Barré syndrome affects about 1,500 people in the UK every year. It is slightly more common in men than women. It can affect people of any age, including children.
Outlook
Most people (about 8 out of 10) with Guillain-Barré syndrome make a full recovery within a few weeks or months, and do not have any further problems. Some people may take longer to recover, and there is a possibility of permanent nerve damage. See Guillain-Barré syndrome - complications for more information.
