Genital herpes

Genital herpes is an infection of the genitals that is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). The herpes simplex virus can also affect the skin on the face, causing cold sores to develop, usually around the mouth area.

There are two types of HSV:

• type 1 (HSV-1), and
• type 2 (HSV-2).

Genital herpes is caused by type 1 and type 2 HSV equally.

In most cases, genital herpes is a chronic (long-term) condition. Many people with HSV have frequently recurring genital herpes, recurring an average of four to five times in the first two years after being infected. However, the incidence of genital herpes decreases over time, and the condition becomes less severe with each subsequent occurrence.

The herpes simplex virus (HSV)

HSV is highly contagious and it can be easily passed from person to person by close, direct contact. Genital herpes is usually transmitted by having sex (vaginal, anal or oral) with an infected person.

Once someone has been exposed to HSV, it remains dormant (inactive) most of the time. At least 80% of people who carry the virus are unaware that they've been infected because there are often few or no initial symptoms. However, every so often the virus can be activated, causing an outbreak of genital herpes.

How is genital herpes treated? 

When genital herpes does cause symptoms, they appear as painful blisters on the genitals and surrounding areas. However, even if someone with genital herpes doesn't have any symptoms, it's possible for them to pass the condition on to a sexual partner.

There is no cure for genital herpes, but the symptoms can usually be effectively controlled using anti-viral medicines. The symptoms of genital herpes also tend to become less frequent and less severe with each recurring bout of the condition.