When you first start using a diaphragm or cap, a doctor or nurse will examine you and advise on the correct size or shape to suit you. They will show you how to put in and take out a diaphragm or cap, and also how to use the spermicide, which must be applied every time you use a diaphragm or cap.
Practice diaphragm or cap
You may be fitted with a temporary diaphragm or cap by your doctor or nurse. This is for you to practise with at home. It gives you the chance to learn how to use it properly, see how it feels and find out if the method is suitable for you.
While you are learning with a practice diaphragm or cap, you are not protected against pregnancy and need to use additional contraception when you have sex.
When you go back for a follow-up appointment with your doctor or nurse, wear the diaphragm or cap so they can check that it is the right size and you have put it in properly.
When they are happy that you can use a diaphragm or cap properly, they will give you one to use as contraception.
Inserting a diaphragm
Your doctor or nurse will show you how to put in a diaphragm. Diaphragms come with instructions and are all inserted in a similar way.
- With clean hands, put a small amount of spermicide on each side of the diaphragm. Also putting a little spermicide on the rim may make the diaphragm easier to put in.
- Put your index finger on top of the diaphragm and squeeze it between your thumb and other fingers. Slide the diaphragm into your vagina upwards and backwards. This should ensure that the diaphragm covers your cervix.
- Always check that your cervix is covered. It feels like the end of your nose. If your cervix is not covered, take the diaphragm out by hooking your finger under the rim or loop (if there is one) and pulling downwards, then try again.
- Some women squat while they put their diaphragm in. Others lie down or stand with one foot up on a chair. Use whichever position is easiest for you.
You can insert a diaphragm up to three hours before you have sex. After this time you will need to take it out and put some more spermicide on it.
Inserting a cap
Your doctor or nurse will show you how to put in a cap. Caps come with instructions and are all inserted in a similar way.
- Fill one-third of the cap with spermicide, but do not put any spermicide around the rim as this will stop the cap staying in place. The silicone cap has a groove between the dome and the rim – some spermicide should also be placed there.
- Squeeze the sides of the cap together and hold it between your thumb and first two fingers. Slide the cap into your vagina upwards and backwards. The cap must fit neatly over your cervix. It stays in place by suction.
- Depending on the type of cap, you may need to add extra spermicide after it has been put in.
- Some women squat while they put their cap in. Others lie down or stand with one foot up on a chair. Use which position is easiest for you.
You can insert a cap up to three hours before you have sex. After this time you will need to take it out and put some more spermicide on it.
Removing a diaphragm or cap
A diaphragm or cap can be easily removed by gently hooking your finger under its rim, loop or strap and pulling it downwards and out.
You must leave all types of diaphragm and cap in place for at least six hours after the last time you had sex.
You can leave them in for longer than this, but do not leave them in for longer than the recommended time. For latex types this is 30 hours (including the minimum six). For the silicone cap it is 48 hours (including the minimum six).
Looking after your diaphragm or cap
- After use, you can wash your diaphragm or cap with warm water and mild unperfumed soap. Rinse it thoroughly, then leave it to dry. You will be given a small container for it, which you should keep in a cool, dry place.
- Never boil a diaphragm or cap. Do not use disinfectant, detergent, oil-based products or talcum powder to keep it clean, as these products can damage it.
- Your diaphragm or cap may become discoloured over time but this does not make it less effective. Always check your diaphragm or cap for any signs of damage before using it.
- You can visit your GP or nurse when you want to replace your diaphragm or cap. Most women can use the same diaphragm or cap for a year before they need to replace it. You may need to get a different size diaphragm or cap if you gain or lose more than 3kg (7lb) in weight, or if you have a baby, miscarriage or abortion.
