Corns and calluses develop when skin is exposed to excessive pressure or friction.
Corns
Corns are usually caused by pressure on the foot from poorly fitting shoes. High-heeled shoes can squeeze the toes, while shoes that are too loose can allow your foot to slide and rub. Corns are often found on the little toe, which tends to rub against the end of the shoe.
People who have misshapen feet or prominent bones in their feet are susceptible to corns. Corns may be an indication of a bunion (bony swelling at the base of the toe) or hammer toe (where the toe is bent at the middle joint).
Calluses
Feet
When we walk or stand, our body weight is carried first on the heel and then on the ball of the foot. When this pressure becomes excessive, these areas of skin thicken to protect the underlying tissue and calluses may appear.
Actions that put repeated pressure on the foot (such as jogging) or walking barefoot can cause calluses to form. Athletes are particularly susceptible to them.
Some people develop calluses because of their skin type. Elderly people have less fatty tissue in their skin, which can cause a lack of ‘padding’ and can lead to a callus forming on the ball of their foot.
Sometimes, calluses are an indication of a bone deformity, such as a bunion (a bony swelling at the base of the toe).
Other areas
Calluses may also occur on the palms of the hands from holding a racquet or hammer, or on the knuckle pads if you regularly have to push yourself out of a wheelchair.
