Constipation rarely causes any complications or long-term health problems. Treatment is usually effective, particularly if it is started promptly.
However, if you have chronic (long-term) constipation, you may be more at risk of experiencing complications.
Haemorrhoids
If you continually strain to pass stools, it can cause pain, discomfort and bleeding. Excessive straining can also lead to haemorrhoids (piles). Haemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels that form in the lower rectum and anus.
Haemorrhoids can cause:
- itching around the anus
- swelling of the anus
- pain
- bleeding from the anus
Faecal impaction
Chronic constipation can increase the risk of faecal impaction (where dried, hard stools collect in your rectum and anus). Once you have faecal impaction, it is very unlikely that you will be able to get rid of the stools naturally.
Faecal impaction worsens constipation because it makes it harder for stools and waste products to pass out of your anus as the path is obstructed.
If you experience faecal impaction, it can lead to a number of other complications. These include:
- swelling of the rectum
- losing sensation in and around your anus
- faecal incontinence, when you uncontrollably leak soft or liquid stools
- bleeding from your anus
- rectal prolapse, when part of your lower intestine falls out of place and protrudes from your anus
Psychological effects
If your child experiences faecal incontinence, it may affect them psychologically.
Faecal incontinence can be very upsetting and embarrassing for children. If they are at school, they may find themselves teased or socially excluded. This can make a child feel withdrawn, alone and unable to talk about what they are experiencing.
If you notice a change in your child's behaviour, talk openly and honestly with them and encourage them to tell you how they are feeling.
Also try to speak to your child's teacher to make sure they understand the situation. The teacher can help ensure your child is not upset or left feeling excluded by other children.
