When cancer of the oesophagus first develops, it rarely causes any symptoms. This is due to the fact that, initially, the tumour is very small. It is only when the cancer starts to become larger and more advanced that the symptoms will start to develop.
Difficulty swallowing
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) is the most common symptom of oesophageal cancer. However, you will not usually experience any difficulty swallowing until the tumour has grown large enough to narrow your oesophagus to about half its normal width.
As the tumour narrows your oesophagus it becomes more difficult for food to pass down. When you swallow it can feel as if food is stuck in your gullet, as the muscles of the oesophagus try to push it past the tumour.
You may find that you have to chew your food more thoroughly, or that you can only eat soft foods. If the tumour continues to grow, even liquids can be difficult for you to swallow.
Other symptoms
Other symptoms of oesophageal cancer include:
- unexplained weight loss (caused by a combination of having difficulties swallowing and the cancer’s harmful effects on your body)
- throat pain and discomfort
- indigestion
- hoarseness
- persistent cough
- vomiting
- coughing blood
When to seek medical advice
You should contact your GP if you experience difficulties swallowing that last for more than a week.
Dysphagia can have a wide range of causes, which means that your symptoms are unlikely to be related to oesophageal cancer. However, a formal diagnosis of your symptoms is recommended.
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